The Economic Efficiency of Policy Reform and Partial Market Liberalization under Transaction Costs

The article presents an integrated analysis of the effects of domestic and trade policy reform on resource allocation and welfare under transaction costs. It develops a general multiagent, multicommodity model, where transaction costs are the costs of resources used in the exchange process. The influence of domestic and trade policy (including both price and quantity instruments) on distorted market equilibrium is analysed. Alternative concepts of distorted equilibrium are presented and investigated. They provide a basis for evaluating the effects of multilateral partial market liberalization on resource allocation and welfare under transaction costs. New conditions are derived under which multilateral policy reforms generate Pareto improvements.     

论我国侦查模式改革的社会基础

我国的刑事诉讼法再修改正在运作之中，侦查程序成为此次修改的重中之重，但焦点大多聚集在羁押及其司法审查、如何遏制刑讯逼供等方面，这些当然是目前迫切需要解决的问题，但法律的修改与制定，绝不能离开它的本土环境去运作。中国是一个无论在地理环境上还是人口素质与数量以及国家结构与体制上都很特殊的国家，而这些恰恰是法律实现的社会基础。侦查模式的重新构建，要高于现实，但绝不可脱离现实。     

从程序正义看我国的司法改革

针对我国司法制度中重实体而轻程序的倾向,在剖析程序正义与实体正义的关系、正当程序与程序正义联系的基础上,从程序正义的角度对我国的司法改革提出了一些设想。     

生产与作业管理课程改革的研究

《生产与作业管理》课程是工商管理专业必修的主干专业课程之一。生产与作业管理是一切组织的基本职能，是组织实施经营战略、获取持久竞争优势的关键。     

The Unemployment Effects of Proposed Changes in Social Security's “Normal Retirement Age”

This paper identifies and analyzes an inherent conflict between some proposed U. S. Social Security reform measures, which would encourage delayed retirement decisions, and the objective of minimizing the economy's unemployment rate. Using recent demographic trends in the age composition of the U.S. labor force, the study suggests that such proposed U.S. Social Security reform measures may actually increase the economy's unemployment rate. It concludes that measures to encourage older workers would relieve labor market pressures (while also helping the Social Security system) if and only if unemployment was persistently near the non-accelerating inflation rate of unemployment (NAIRU). However, in an economy with above NAIRU unemployment, which has been the case most often in recent years, the opposite Social Security policy logic would apply. JEL Classification H557     

In Defence of Neo-Classical Neo-Populism

This paper is a response to the discussion in the special issue of this Journal on Redistributive Land Reform Today (Vol. 4, Nos. 1 and 2). We begin by attempting to clarify the methodological debate, differentiating our approach, which our critics call neo-classical neo-populism, from mainstream neo-classical economics and historical materialism. We then distinguish between land tenure reforms and redistributive land reforms, and argue that it is the latter that really matter. Next, we address the issue of the inverse relationship between farm size and productivity. Fourth, we discuss cases in which systems of labour control are used to transform the peasantry into a landless rural proletariat and challenge the view that systems of labour control can usefully be reduced to a problem of transaction costs. We end with discussions of reform in the transition economies, China and Bangladesh, where we defend the view that it is the distribution of landownership rather than operational holdings that largely determines the extent of poverty.     

Parental Income and Continuing Education of Second Generation Immigrants in Sweden

Understanding the economic integration of minority ethnic communities requires an analysis of the educational process. This paper examines second‐generation immigrant youths’ educational attainments in comparison with those of similarly aged native Swedes. Binomial‐logit, grouped‐regression and multinomial‐logit models are applied to longitudinal data, 1991–1996. The results give evidence for socioeconomic determinants of post‐compulsory education and for parental influence on educational choices. Parental income affects second‐generation immigrants’ post‐compulsory education and Swedes’ choice of level of education. In general, the stronger the labour market positions of the parents, the higher the probability of the children continuing education. It is also found that the geographical origin of second‐generation immigrants matter, with youths of Asian origin having a higher probability of continuing their education. We suggest policy changes on different levels based on the evidence of the paper, as short‐run, long‐run and in general.     

论养老保险的缴费替代率与待遇替代率

在养老保险制度中，缴赞率是手段，替代率是目标，一定的缴费率是为了实现一定的目标替代率。中国现行养老保险制度的缴费替代率（现有缴费水平应当实现的替代率）远远高于待遇替代率（制度规定的待遇计发办法所能够实现的替代率），如果制度能正常运行，不应当出现养老保险基金收不抵支的问题。养老金支付出现一定的缺口是由于历史因素造成的，以降低现行替代率为导向的改革是缺少理论根据的。     

现代服务业的特征及发展趋势

本文主要介绍了现代服务业的内涵，以此为基础对我国现代服务业的特征和发展趋势进行了分析     

China＇s Urban and Rural Old Age Security System： Challenges and Options

I. Introduction In the process of economic transition, China has adopted an urban-priority reform approach in establishing its old age security system, which conforms to international development experiences. China’s rapid aging of people with low-incomes, however, is unprecedented compared with other developed or developing countries. The urban-priority reform ensures a relatively high coverage in urban areas, whereas it imposes a heavy burden ofold age support on rural households. Current …